Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
9952914 | Addictive Behaviors | 2019 | 34 Pages |
Abstract
Impaired decision-making and inhibitory control are important characteristics of nicotine dependence (ND). We aimed to test 1) the effects of smoking-related priming cues on subsequent decision-making and inhibitory control in ND and 2) how these priming effects are related to valence ratings, nicotine deprivation and craving. A sample of 27 smokers with ND according to DSM-IV and a control group of 33 never-smokers performed an intertemporal choice task and a go/no-go task. Before each trial of the tasks, a priming cue appeared that was either smoking-related or neutral. Valence ratings, nicotine deprivation and craving were assessed with self-reports. After smoking-related compared to neutral primes, the ND group exhibited increased delay discounting (βâ¯=â¯0.07, 95% confidence-interval (CI): 0.01-0.14) and shorter go reaction times (βâ¯=â¯â0.13, CI: â0.32 to â0.01) compared to the never-smoker group. The speed-up in go trials after smoking-related compared to neutral cues was significantly related to more pleasant valence ratings (βâ¯=â¯0.07, CI:0.01-0.13), a longer time since last cigarette (βâ¯=â¯â0.17, CI:â0.30 to â0.03), and increased craving (βâ¯=â¯â0.19, CI: â0.33 to â0.06) within the ND group. We found evidence for small group effects indicating that individuals with ND compared to never-smokers decide more dysfunctional and react faster after smoking-related compared to neutral cues. Faster reactions after smoking-related cues within the ND group, especially in states of increased nicotine deprivation and craving, without more errors could be explained by an increased attentional focus. Cue-induced alterations in decision-making and inhibitory control in ND highly depend on the temporal sequence of cue presentation.
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Authors
Anja Kräplin, Stefan Scherbaum, Gerhard Bühringer, Thomas Goschke,