Sourcing strategies and productivity: Evidence for Spanish manufacturing firms

This paper explores the relationship between productivity and sourcing strategies using a sample of Spanish manufacturing firms. In this analysis we use different measures of productivity and alternative ways of grouping firms. Our results indicate that productivity differs systematically across groups of firms with different sourcing strategies. The ranking of productivities we observe is not fully consistent with the predictions of Antràs and Helpman's (2004) model but we confirm many partial aspects of the proposed ranking. In our preferred specifications, the productivity advantage is highest for firms that import inputs from foreign subsidiaries. Moreover, the group of firms that outsource in the domestic market is, in general, at the bottom of the productivity distribution, with firms that outsource abroad having an intermediate productivity advantage. When analysing the direction of causality between productivity and sourcing strategies, we find weak evidence of self-selection of firms into offshoring and no influence of relocation on firm productivity.