| Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1008503 | Cities | 2013 | 9 Pages |
With growing population as well as increasing automobile and energy use, transport externalities are inevitably on the rise. Internalized transport externalities include monetary costs from impacts on the society and environment, such as air pollution, congestion, noise, traffic accidents and greenhouse effects. However, externalities also vary depending on the geographic conditions, modes of transport, intensity of traffic and population exposed in the metropolitan areas. To indicate precisely how externalities differ in relation to modes and territories, this research principally aims at presenting methods for comprehensive evaluation of external costs based on objective territorialization in the greater Paris region. It does so with a gravity indicator that is related to the intensity of traffic and population. The objectives of this research are to evaluate the external costs related to the geographical conditions of the greater Paris region and then to compare the respective characteristics of these external costs in order to determine the coherence of urban transport policies.
► Externalities also vary depending on the geographic conditions, modes of transport. ► Our methods focus on the evaluation of external costs based on objective territorialization. ► The external costs estimated in order to determine the coherence of urban transport policies.
