Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
10142960 | Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology | 2018 | 5 Pages |
Abstract
The euryhaline killifishes, Fundulus heteroclitus and Kryptolebias marmoratus inhabit estuaries that rapidly change salinity. Although cadmium (Cd) toxicity has been well characterized in fish inhabiting freshwaters, fewer studies have examined the toxic effects of Cd in estuarine and saltwater environments. Additionally, current environmental regulations do not account for organism physiology in different salinity waters even though metal sensitivity is likely to change in these environments. In this study, we investigated effects of changing salinity on acute Cd toxicity to larval (7-9 d old) F. heteroclitus and K. marmoratus. Median 96-h lethal concentrations (LC50) for Cd were calculated for both fish species at six different salinities. As salinity increased, metal toxicity decreased in both fish species up to 18â¯ppt salinity; and F. heteroclitus were more sensitive than K. marmoratus at salinities above 12â¯ppt. To determine which components of saltwater were protective against Cd toxicity, we investigated the influence of CaSO4 (100 and 200â¯mg/L), CaCl2 (200â¯mg/L), and MgSO4 (300â¯mg/L) on Cd toxicity to K. marmoratus. The results demonstrated that both competition with calcium and complexation with chloride reduced the toxic effects of Cd to K. marmoratus. These findings could be used to improve marine/estuarine biotic ligand models for the determination of site-specific water quality criteria for Cd.
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Authors
Gretchen K. Bielmyer-Fraser, Benjamin Harper, Codie Picariello, Aaron Albritton-Ford,