Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
10142967 | Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology | 2018 | 7 Pages |
Abstract
We investigated toxic effects of the antifouling biocide polycarbamate (PC) on marine fish by conducting acute, early-life stage toxicity (ELS), and embryo toxicity tests. Mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) 96-h LC50 values for hatched larvae (body weight about 2.0â¯mg) and juveniles (660â¯Â±â¯36â¯mg) were about 12 and 630â¯Î¼g/L, respectively. The ELS test using mummichog embryos yielded a lowest-observed-effect concentration of 3.9â¯Î¼g/L and a no-observed-effect concentration of 2.1â¯Î¼g/L with growth as the most sensitive endpoint. The embryo toxicity test for spotted halibut (Verasper variegatus) revealed a 10-d EC50 of 8.1â¯Î¼g/L with abnormality as an endpoint. During the ELS and embryo toxicity tests, morphological abnormalities (notochord undulation) were induced in the embryos. Biochemical and gene-expression analysis suggest that PC-induced morphological abnormalities involve disruption of lysyl oxidase-mediated collagen fiber organization, essential for notochord formation, and inhibition of gene expression related to notochord formation.
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Authors
Kazuhiko Mochida, Katsutoshi Ito, Mana Ito, Takeshi Hano, Nobuyuki Ohkubo,