Scaling of cation exchange membranes by gypsum during Donnan exchange and electrodialysis

It was found, however, that CEM's are less susceptible to scaling than AEM's, indicated by belated and less significant flux decline, smaller membrane potential difference increase and more modest increase in stack electrical resistance. This implies that the chemical nature and structure of the functional groups inside the membrane matrix may play an important role in the scaling process on and within ion exchange membranes.