Human embryonic stem cells and macroporous calcium phosphate construct for bone regeneration in cranial defects in rats

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are an exciting cell source to offer an unlimited supply of cells that can differentiate into all cell types for regenerative medicine applications. To date, there has been no report on hESCs with calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds for bone regeneration in vivo. In the present study, scaffolds seeded with hESC-MSCs along with human platelet concentrate (hPC) generated new bone 3-fold, and blood vessel density 2-fold, those of CPC control in vivo. Therefore, hESCs are promising for bone tissue engineering, and hPC can enhance new bone and blood vessel formation. Macroporous CPC with hESC-MSCs and hPC may be useful for bone regeneration in craniofacial and orthopedic applications.274