Embriogeneza i anatomia wad lewej części serca

Left heart malformations constitute an important diagnostic and therapeutic problem for many medical subspecialties already in the prenatal period. Aortic stenosis, especially critical cases and hypoplastic left heart syndrome are the most challenging forms. The paper presents the normal development of left heart structures and anatomy of the normal aortic valve. Bicuspid aortic valve is described as the most common congenital cardiac malformation. Special emphasis is put on critical aortic stenosis, its prenatal course and possibilities of prenatal treatment. Morphological subsets of hypoplastic left heart syndrome and contemporary theories about its morphogenesis are presented. Atresia and restriction of foramen ovale, as well as their influence on the natural course of left heart hypoplasia are described.