Zaburzenia rozwojowe: ilościowa i jakościowa skala problemów klinicznych

Approximatelly 12-20% of children and youth in Poland manifest some kind of developmental disorders, with growing proportion of overweight and obesity. About 8-15% of neonates are born with small birth weight. A considerable part of these disorders are congenital malformations (2-3%), that are nowadays the main health problem of neonates, infants and small children and are the main cause of death of infants. An important part of them are multiple malformations syndromes, that are usually at least partially genetically determined - by chromosomal aberrations or monogenic mutations or are said to be multifactorial traits. Several criteria of classification (etiological, epidemiological, pathogenetic and clinical) make is more difficult to compare the prevalence and the diagnostic and therapeutic actions. In 1998-2002 in Polish Registry of Congenital Malformations the most frequent congenital defects were defects of cardiovascular system (80/10,000), musculo-sceletal system (50/10,000) and urino-genital system (33/10,000). Among developmental disorders there is also a group of psychosocial disturbances, in meaning of mental development (mental retardation - approximately 3%, most frequently of mild degree), and emotional problems (psychoneurotic disorders) as well.