Preliminary results using patient-specific 3d printed models to improve preoperative planning for correction of post-traumatic tibial deformities with circular frames

Using patient-specific 3D models has allowed us to carry out meticulous preoperative planning sessions, eliminating the need to modify or alter the frame assembly in the operating room, saving substantial surgical time and enabling a more precise design of the apparatus. This was especially useful in multiplanar deformities and for the spatial configuration of the foot support, talus ring, and ankle ring.