CFS lipped channel columns affected by L-D-G interaction. Part II: Numerical simulations and design considerations

This work deals with the structural behaviour, ultimate strength and design of fixed-ended cold-formed steel (CFS) lipped channel columns experiencing various levels of local-distortional-global buckling mode interaction (more or less close critical local, distortional and global loads). First, a comparison between experimental results, obtained from three tests carried out at The University of Hong Kong (UHK), and the corresponding Abaqus shell numerical simulations are presented and discussed - the UHK test campaign is reported in Part I of this two-part paper. The comparison (i) involves equilibrium paths, deformed configurations, failure loads and collapse mechanisms, and (ii) provides enough evidence to ensure that the numerical model developed may be deemed validated. Then, this numerical model is employed to perform a parametric study, aimed at obtaining numerical failure load data concerning lipped channel columns experiencing different levels of local-distortional-global interaction - 368 fixed-ended columns, exhibiting different geometries (cross-section dimensions and lengths) and various yield stresses, thus covering a wide slenderness range. Finally, the present (Part II) paper also assesses the quality of the failure load estimates provided by various design approaches, based on the Direct Strength Method (DSM), for CFS columns affected by the triple coupling phenomenon under consideration. This assessment is based on the comparison with both (i) experimental failure loads, namely those reported in Part I and others collected from the literature, and (ii) numerical failure loads, obtained from Abaqus shell finite element analyses (SFEA) and either reported in this work or gathered from previous publications by the authors.