Preparation of self-organized niobium oxide microstructures via potentiostatic anodization

Self-organized niobium oxide microcones were prepared in an electrolyte (0.25-2.5 wt% HF) via anodization and observed with scanning electron microscopy. The nano and mesoscale tips ranged between 40 and 300 nm in size. The dimensions and integrity of the bulk microstructures were found to be strongly dependent on potential, temperature, electrolyte composition, and anodization time. Microcone texture revealed nano and mesoscale grooves, gaps, and roughness. Growth rates were investigated and possible explanations for the conical formations are discussed.