Stochastic models for multiple pathways of temporal natural history on co-morbidity of chronic disease

Our proposed co-morbidity stochastic latent variable models can tackle the problem of underestimating the proportion of susceptibility to co-morbidity, giving a clue to the temporal sequence of a constellation of co-morbid diseases, and quantifying the incidence rates of each disease and the corresponding transitions rates between co-morbid diseases. The generalized high-order co-morbidity model can be extended to model the complex pathway of high dimension of chronic diseases in the clinical field provided the dataset is sufficiently large.