Adaptive blood glucose control for intensive care applications

► A two-step glucose control strategy for intensive care unit (ICU) applications is proposed. ► During the initial stay (3 h) in the ICU, blood glucose is controlled through a standard intensive care protocol, and data on blood glucose concentration and insulin infusion rate are used to recursively identify a model of the subject. ► A PID controller is tuned from the identified model, and it is switched on to automate blood glucose control. ► The controller settings are continuously adapted as new data become available. ► The control strategy performance is assessed on 200 simulated subjects, each one characterized by a unique insulin sensitivity profile.