Hydrodynamics and velocity measurements in gas-liquid swirling flows in cylindrical cyclones

The gas-liquid swirl flow in a gas-liquid cylindrical cyclone separator has been characterized first qualitatively by flow visualizations. The emerged findings were then confirmed quantitatively by Laser Doppler Velocimetry measurements. The vortex core presents a very complex hydrodynamics, characterized by an alternation between a laminar and a turbulent state. The laminar regime is associated with velocities pointing in the same direction as the mean flow, while the turbulent state induces velocities in the opposite direction, i.e. a flow reversal. These observations give a first understanding of the origin of the double flow reversal regime that is encountered in swirl flows. It is shown that this flow structure appears for high swirl intensities, and results from a frequent laminarization of the vortex core. Results show that, contrary to the commonly assumed hypothesis, this flow structure is associated with good separation performance of the cyclone. Accordingly, we propose the use of multiple tangential inlets to generate the swirl motion in the cyclone, which is supposed to favor the double flow reversal regime, and thus, improve the separation efficiency.