Distributed (green) data centers: A new concept for energy, computing, and telecommunications

•We introduce a new distributed concept for renewable green data centers.•We provide an economic rationale and analysis.•We demonstrate the utility of non-grid-tied data centers.•We outline the advantages of such systems.

We introduce a new conceptual approach to green data centers through the use of multiple, distributed networked data centers that are co-located with renewable energy. While green data centers are a well-established objective, conventional approaches have focused on either high efficiencies and/or the use of renewable energy. This model extends and innovates both approaches with three key design aspects. First, it emphasizes the use of many small, geographically distributed mini data centers. Second, such data centers can operate with the option of being dislocated from the electrical grid via a mini-grid, or behind the meter. Third, the approach enhances the use of renewable energy via the ability to transfer computing load from one mini data center to another as renewable supply or market contexts dictate. This paper introduces the conceptual approach, outlines the research broadly, and examines potential technical, economic, and policy constraints for the establishment of this approach on a broad scale. Finally, we discuss the implications of this model for the developing world, particularly in areas without substantial electricity transmission infrastructure.