Interface strategies in modular product innovation

Based on case studies of Taiwan's machine tool industry, we examine the practical application of interface strategies. This study finds that existing external interface standards impose limits on product innovation and the innovative efforts tend to focus on internal interfaces and modules, while an open supply network contributes to the high openness between different products in Taiwan's machine tool industry. In addition, we also discuss the architectural essence of Taiwan's machine tool industry, with an expectation that such a discussion may provide the impetus for structural changes in product innovation and supplier networks in the industry.