Rural household energy consumption in the millennium villages in Sub-Saharan Africa

► Most cooks used an open fire using an average of 2.2 kg of wood per capita per day. ► Fuelwood was predominantly collected by women and girls. ► Kerosene was the dominant lighting energy source (used by 85% of households). ► Households spent on average USD 41 per year on lighting and electricity. ► Electricity grid did not reach most villages, <5% of households had connections. ► Households traveled, on average, over 7 km to reach battery recharging locations.