Effect of TGFβ on calcium signaling in megakaryocytes

TGFβ is a powerful regulator of megakaryocyte maturation and platelet formation. As previously shown for other cell types, TGFβ may up-regulate the expression of the serum & glucocorticoid inducible kinase SGK1, an effect requiring p38 kinase. SGK1 has in turn recently been shown to participate in the regulation of cytosolic Ca2+ activity ([Ca2+]i) in megakaryocytes and platelets. SGK1 phosphorylates the IκB kinase (IKKα/β), which in turn phosphorylates the inhibitor protein IκBα resulting in nuclear translocation of nuclear factor NFκB. Genes up-regulated by NFκB include Orai1, the pore forming ion channel subunit accomplishing store operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). The present study explored whether TGFβ influences Ca2+ signaling in megakaryocytes. [Ca2+]i was determined by Fura-2 fluorescence and SOCE from the increase of [Ca2+]i following re-addition of extracellular Ca2+ after store depletion by removal of extracellular Ca2+ and inhibition of the sarcoendoplasmatic Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) with thapsigargin (1 μM). As a result, TGFβ (60 ng, 24 h) increased SOCE, an effect significantly blunted by p38 kinase inhibitor Skepinone-L (1 μM), SGK1 inhibitor EMD638683 (50 μM) and NFκB inhibitor wogonin (100 μM). In conclusion, TGFβ is a powerful regulator of store operated Ca2+ entry into megakaryocytes, an effect mediated by a signaling cascade involving p38 kinase, SGK1 and NFκB.