Stromal cell-derived factor-1α attenuates oleate-induced acute lung injury in rabbits

The stromal cell-derived factor-1α/C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (SDF-1/CXCR4) axis is involved in various aspects of tissue repair, regeneration and development. However, the role of SDF-1/CXCR4 in acute lung injury (ALI) remains largely unknown. The aim of the present investigation is to examine pathological changes in a rabbit model with ALI induced by oleic acid (OA) and to explore the protective effect of SDF-1α on ALI. Intravenous application (i.v.) of oleic acid (0.1 ml/kg/h for 2 h) provoked pulmonary hemorrhage, edema, and protein leakage, resulting in severe ALI. When the rabbit received an infusion of SDF-1α (20 μg/kg/24 h) for 30 min before OA treatment, SDF-1α seemed to significantly improve the pathologies associated with OA-induced ALI. While dissecting the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of SDF-1α, we found that SDF-1/CXCR4 is expressed in uninjured lung tissues but is greatly reduced after OA treatment. Interestingly, intravenous delivery of SDF-1α could target an injured lung and rescue expression of CXCR4, which in turn activates anti-apoptotic proteins, Bcl-1 and Bcl-xl, but does not affect pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bad and Bax. These data suggested that SDF-1α could protect rabbit lungs from AIL. The molecular mechanism might be associated with upregulating anti-apoptosis family expression through CXCR4. Thus, SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway may be a promising target for treatment of patients with ALI.