PKCε-PKD1 signaling complex at Z-discs plays a pivotal role in the cardiac hypertrophy induced by G-protein coupling receptor agonists

Cardiac hypertrophy is triggered in response to mechanical stress and various neurohumoral factors, such as G-protein coupling receptor (GPCR) and gp130 cytokine receptor agonists. Recent studies have suggested cardiac Z-disc plays a pivotal role to regulate these cellular responses. Here, we demonstrate stimulations with GPCR agonists (norepinephrine, angiotensin II, and endothelin 1) and phorbol ester activated and translocated protein kinase D1 (PKD1) to the Z-discs in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes in a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent manner, whereas gp130 agonist did not. Especially, upon the α-adrenergic receptor agonist stimulations, following the PKCε-PKD1 complex formation, PKCε-dependent activation of PKD1 was essential to induce hypertrophic responses. Constitutively active mutant of either PKD1 or PKCε also induced cardiac hypertrophy ex vivo. Taken together, the PKCε-PKD1 complex at Z-discs could play a pivotal role in the cardiac hypertrophy induced by GPCR agonists, at least α-adrenergic receptor agonist.