Ceramide channels: Influence of molecular structure on channel formation in membranes

► Ceramides self-assemble forming membrane channels capable of protein translocation. ► The use of ceramide analogs identified regions critical for channel formation. ► Experiments were performed on isolated mitochondria, liposomes, planar membranes. ► The stereochemistry at C2 of the sphingoid base was particularly critical. ► Competition experiments revealed synergy and antagonism between ceramide and analogs.