| Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10816100 | Cellular Signalling | 2013 | 11 Pages |
Abstract
The orexin peptides (orexin A, orexin B) and their receptors (orexin receptor type 1, orexin receptor type 2) are involved in multiple physiological processes such as the regulation of sleep/wakefulness state, energy homeostasis and reward seeking. A result of this has been the development of small-molecule orexin receptor antagonists as novel therapies for the treatment of insomnia and drug addiction. Increased levels of signaling via the orexin peptide/receptor system may protect against obesity, while somewhat unexpectedly, orexins acting at orexin receptors induce dramatic apoptosis resulting in the significant reduction of cell growth in various cancer cell lines. Meanwhile, the orexin peptide/receptor system is also involved in cardiovascular modulation, neuroendocrine and reproduction regulation. This review summarizes the latest developments in deciphering the biology of orexin signaling as well as efforts to manipulate orexin signaling pharmacologically.
Keywords
DRNICVintracerebroventricularITSMHIF1BSTGPCROX1RVTARostral raphe pallidusSMADREM5-HTNSCCPLCCREBCB1RPKCpCREBITIMOXARVMHPGFAATMNrRPATGF-βphosphorylated cAMP response element-binding proteinNACOXBOX2RERKdrosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein5-hydroxytryptamineBATpKaOrexin BNPYG protein coupled receptorsMAPKadenylyl cyclasegamma-aminobutyric acidAddictionorexin AOrexinsbrown adipose tissuetransforming growth factor-βsubstantia nigrarapid eye movementCNSrostral ventromedial medullaCancerscentral nervous systemextracellular signal regulated kinasehypoxia-inducible factor-1phospholipase Cfood anticipatory activityImmunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motifBMPImmunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifHPAventral tegmental areacannabinoid receptor type 1Nucleus accumbensbed nucleus of the stria terminalisdorsal raphe nucleusraphe nucleiTuberomammillary nucleusGrowth hormoneEnergy homeostasisHistaminelateral hypothalamusposterior hypothalamushypothalamic–pituitary–adrenalhypothalamic–pituitary–gonadalcAMP-response element binding proteinBone morphogenetic proteinprotein kinase AProtein kinase Cmitogen-activated protein kinaseGABAOrexin receptorsNeuropeptide Y
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Authors
Tian-Rui Xu, Yang Yang, Richard Ward, Linghuan Gao, Ying Liu,