Recent progress toward understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate skeletal muscle mass

Article ID	Journal	Published Year	Pages	File Type
10816562	Cellular Signalling	2011	11 Pages	PDF

Abstract

âº We review recent progress on selected potential regulators of skeletal muscle mass. âº mTOR, eIF3f, and eIF2BÎµ play critical roles in the regulation of protein synthesis. âº Activated FoxOs regulate protein degradation via the proteasome and autophagy. âº AMPK can activate protein degradation and suppress protein synthesis. âº PGC1Î± and mitochondria are implicated in the regulation of muscle mass.

Keywords

AMPK PPAR-γ PI3K AICAR IGF Jnk MEF2 ATF4 TOR GTP AMP mRNA AFX mTOR PIC PPARα FKBP12 FK506 binding protein 12 LC3 GSK3β BNIP3 Drp1 NRF-1 PKB c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase Fis1 4E-BP1 mTORC1 THR RPS6 ULK1 PGC1α eIF4G MuRF1 tRNA 4E binding protein 1 FIP200 TSC1 mTORC2 TSC2 eukaryotic initiation factor 2B RHEB mTOR complex 2 FKHRL1 TSC1/2 FKHR eIF3 p70S6K1 eIF2B eIF4B TGF-β ribosomal S6 kinase 1 Atg13 ERRα peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α eIF3F Met-tRNAi eukaryotic initiation factor 4G 5′ Untranslated region 5′UTR 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside DNA mTOR complex 1 NFκB Atrophy Adenosine Triphosphate ATP adenosine monophosphate deoxyribonucleic acid transfer ribonucleic acid muscle RING finger 1 transforming growth factor-beta threonine Tuberin GDP messenger ribonucleic acid microtubule-associated protein1 light chain 3 constitutively active Ubiquitin proteasome system GAP myocyte enhancer factor-2 Nuclear respiratory factor 1 Eukaryotic initiation factor 3 Skeletal muscle Insulin-like growth factor nuclear factor kappa B FoxO phosphoinositide-3 kinase activating transcription factor 4 Protein metabolism target of rapamycin mammalian target of rapamycin Hamartin Ras homologue enriched in brain Hypertrophy peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma Ribosomal protein S6 dynamin-related protein 1 5′-AMP-activated protein Kinase protein kinase B pre-initiation complex Tuberous sclerosis complex Glycogen synthase kinase 3β Guanosine triphosphate guanosine diphosphate Estrogen-related receptor alpha peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha UPS