The effects of huwentoxin-I on the voltage-gated sodium channels of rat hippocampal and cockroach dorsal unpaired median neurons

► HWTX-I is a cross channel toxin, in this study, we make sure that the second function (HWTX-I can inhibit the TTX-S VGSCs in rat DRG neurons as well N-Ca2+) is the nature of HWTX-I not from the contamination through testing the synthetic HWTX-I. ► HWTX-I can inhibit the TTX-S VGSCs in rat hippocampal neurons and the affinity is less than the rat DRG neurons. ► HWTX-I has the highest affinity to cockroach DUM neurons. ► The order of HWTX-I inhibition on voltage-gated sodium channesl (VGSC) was cockroach central DUM ≫ rat peripheral DRG > rat central hippocampal neurons.