Sustainable, multiperiod supply chain network model with freight carrier through reduction in pollution stock

Sustainable supply chain management is a huge issue from both managerial and eco- nomical perspectives. This study presents a multiperiod, multitier, sustainable supply chain with freight carriers network model to address such concerns. The model comprises manufacturers, retailers, and carriers engaged in a dynamic, noncooperative game. It considers the longitudinal accumulation of pollution stock, pollution absorbtion by nature, and mitigation actions. The study examines numerical examples with an analysis of the effect of different tax rates on production, transportation, sales, and levels of pollution stock and mitigation efforts. The outcome presents important strategic reactions of decision makers to tax policies.