Security and privacy for innovative automotive applications: A survey

Software applications play an important role in vehicle innovation, aiming at improved safety, efficiency, and comfort, and creating the new areas of cooperative intelligent transport systems and autonomous vehicles. To accommodate modern applications, vehicles have become increasingly computerized and connected. Despite the benefits that the adoption of these applications bring to the automotive sector and consumers, automotive applications along with the enabling technological innovation open great challenges to security and privacy. Addressing these challenges is a prerequisite for the acceptance and deployment of innovative applications at a large scale. This survey investigates the main security and privacy challenges for the design of automotive applications and platforms. Based on the main security and privacy requirements and threats identified, we review existing protection mechanisms proposed within the automotive domain. We then identify the main gaps in existing research and draw a roadmap for future research.