Stochastic multi-objective economic-environmental energy and reserve scheduling of microgrids considering battery energy storage system

Due to environmental concerns and ever-increasing fuel costs, governments offer incentives for clean and sustainable energy production from Distributed Generations (DGs) such as Wind Turbine (WT) and Photovoltaic (PV) generators. Optimal operation of Microgrids (MGs) and management of demand side are necessary to increase the efficiency and reliability of distribution networks. In this paper, the stochastic operation scheduling of a MG consisting of non-dispatchable resources including WT and PV and dispatchable resources including Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC), Micro-gas Turbine (MT), and electrical storage as Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) is investigated to minimize operation cost and emissions. The problem is solved by combination of Differential Evolutionary (DE) and Modified PSO (MPSO) algorithms considering Incentive-based (IB) Demand Response (DR) program and generation reserve scheduling. A stochastic model is also proposed for energy management in MGs in the grid-connected operating mode by taking into account the uncertainty of WT and PV generations and forecasted electric demands. A scenario tree is used to generate scenarios and then, representative scenarios are selected by a scenario reduction technique based on DE. The proposed method is applied on a typical MG and simulation results illustrate its efficiency in comparison to other techniques.