Optimal PI microcontroller-based realization for technical trends of single-stage single-phase grid-tied PV

The paper introduces optimal PI controllers for a single-phase single-stage PV grid-tied inverter. In the proposed model, a time domain objective function based on the integral square error (ISE) of the current and voltage errors is formulated in order to obtain the PI controllers in an offline manner. The performance of the developed controllers is simulated via MATLAB/SIMULINK whereas a prototype was implemented to verify the effectiveness of the developed controllers. The developed controllers enable the developed inverter to provide active power to the utility grid with reactive power compensation. From the simulated and experimental results, the developed controller had better performance over different operating conditions. Besides, it is simple, low cost, and attractive for households' energy production.