Incorporating space–time constraints and activity-travel time profiles in a multi-state supernetwork approach to individual activity-travel scheduling

•Space–time constraints are embedded into the multi-state supernetwork approach.•Time profiles of activity and parking are coupled with time-dependent travel.•The proposed approach reports activity-travel patterns at a high level of detail.•A new bi-criterion label correcting “shortest” path algorithm is proposed.•Multi-state supernetwork approach is feasible for daily activity-travel scheduling.

Activity-travel scheduling is at the core of many activity-based models that predict short-term effects of travel information systems and travel demand management. Multi-state supernetworks have been advanced to represent in an integral fashion the multi-dimensional nature of activity-travel scheduling processes. To date, however, the treatment of time in the supernetworks has been rather limited. This paper attempts to (i) dramatically improve the temporal dimension in multi-state supernetworks by embedding space–time constraints into location selection models, not only operating between consecutive pairs of locations, but also at the overall schedule at large, and (ii) systematically incorporate time in the disutility profiles of activity participation and parking. These two improvements make the multi-state supernetworks fully time-dependent, allowing modeling choice of mode, route, parking and activity locations in a unified and time-dependent manner and more accurately capturing interdependences of the activity-travel trip chaining. To account for this generalized representation, refined behavioral assumptions and dominance relationships are proposed based on an earlier proposed bicriteria label-correcting algorithm to find the optimal activity-travel pattern. Examples are shown to demonstrate the feasibility of this new approach and its potential applicability to large scale agent-based simulation systems.