Rapid analysis of six phthalate esters in wine by ultrasound-vortex-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid micro-extraction coupled with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector or gas chromatography–ion trap mass spectrometry

An Ultrasound-Vortex-Assisted Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Micro-Extraction (USVADLLME) procedure coupled with Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) or Gas Chromatography-Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry (GC-IT/MS) is proposed for rapid analysis of six phthalate esters in hydroalcoholic beverages (alcohol by volume, alc vol−1, ≤40%). Under optimal conditions, the enrichment factor of the six analytes ranges from 220- to 300-fold and the recovery from 85% to 100.5%. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) are ≥0.022 μg L−1 and ≥0.075 μg L−1, respectively. Intra-day and inter-day precisions expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD), are ≤8.2% and ≤7.0%, respectively. The whole proposed methodology has demonstrated to be simple, reproducible and sensible for the determination of trace phthalate esters in red and white wine samples.

Graphical abstractFigure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slideHighlights► Micro-extraction procedure was developed for rapid PAE analysis in wine samples. ► Use of the vortex plays an important role in the DLLME procedure. ► No disperser solvent was added for enhancing the phase separation. ► Extractant solvent volume was investigated in blank and real samples. ► Effects of the sale and the alcohol content were studied for optimize the protocol.