Rapid identification of trimethyl and triethyl amines using sulphonic acidic ionic liquids: A time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry study of fragmentation reactions

The time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) has emerged as a powerful tool for the unswerving detection of biomolecules, in particular, proteins and peptides. To date, there is very little information available on the direct determination of trimethyl/triethyl amines using TOF-SIMS. One major hurdle in this regard is an ultrahigh vacuum system, usually needed in TOF-SIMS, which hampers its usability to trimethyl/triethyl amines owing to their high evaporation rate. We designed an efficient and sensitive protocol for rapid identification and sensitive determination of tertiaryalkyl amines using TOF-SIMS. The amines were derivatized by reaction with 1,4-butane sultone and sulphuric acid sequentially to afford the corresponding sulphonic acidic ionic liquids (ILs). The TOF-SIMS analysis of these task-specific ILs (TSILs) was carried out in both positive and negative polarity. The positive ion mass spectra of TSILs showed sharp fragmented peaks for tertiaryalkyl amines at typical level and up to 10 ppm. The possible mechanism for different fragmentation pathways in positive polarity was discussed.

Graphical abstractFigure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slideHighlights► The easy derivatization of tertiaryalkyl amines into TSILs. ► The use of TOF-SIMS and TSILs for unswerving determination of tertiaryalkyl amines. ► The fragmentation pathways of TSILs under UHV. ► The detection limit of up to 10 ppm for tertiaryalkyl amines.