Non-invasive glucose monitoring technology in diabetes management: A review

The frequent monitoring of glucose is an essential part of diabetes management. Despite the fact that almost all the commercially successful blood glucose monitoring devices are invasive, there is an immense need to develop non-invasive glucose monitoring (NGM) devices that will alleviate the pain and suffering of diabetics associated with the frequent pricking of skin for taking the blood sample for glucose testing. There have been numerous developments in the field of NGM during the last decade, which stress the need for a critical review. This manuscript aims to review the various NGM techniques and devices. The challenges and future trends in NGM are also discussed.

Graphical abstractFigure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slideHighlights► We review the advances in non-invasive glucose monitoring in last two decades. ► Initially, the various non-invasive glucose monitoring techniques are described. ► Thereafter, the non-invasive glucose monitoring devices are presented. ► The future trends in technology are discussed in the last section.