On-line removal of redox-active interferents by a porous electrode before amperometric blood glucose determination

A porous reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) electrode and a disk electrode coupled in tandem in an electrochemical flow cell has been used for electrolytic removal of interferents before amperometric glucose detection. The electrolytic efficiency at the upstream RVC electrode is 100% at a flow rate of 0.1 mL min−1 or lower. Potential interferents such as acetaminophen, ascorbic acid, and uric acid can be completely eliminated by electrolysis at the RVC electrode. A mixed monolayer comprising glucose oxidase (GOD) and ferrocenyl-1-undecanethiol preformed at the downstream gold disk electrode was used as a mediator-based amperometric glucose sensor. The dependence of the amperometric current on the glucose concentration exhibits good linearity across over three orders of magnitude. The glucose measurements were also found to be reproducible (RSD < 3.5%) and accurate. Unlike the chemiluminescence method, this device obviates the use of carcinogenic substrates and the glucose sensor performance is independent of the oxygen present in sample. On the basis that the RVC electrode requires minimal cleanup and the GOD-modified electrode remains stable for a week, the electrochemical flow cell should be amenable for automated on-line removal of redox interferents for other types of enzyme-based biosensors.

Graphical abstractFigure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slideHighlights► The electrochemical glucose detection was carried out based on an electrochemical flow cell comprising a porous reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) electrode and a disk electrode. ► The design is much simpler and easier to implement for real sample assays. ► The RVC electrode requires minimal cleanup and the GOD-modified electrode remains stable for a week. ► The electrochemical flow cell should be amenable for automated on-line removal of redox interferents for other types of enzyme-based biosensors.