Voltage effects on the nanoelectrospray characteristics in fully voltage-controlled atomisation of gold nanocolloids

The voltage effects on fully voltage-controlled nanoelectrospraying of aqueous gold nanocolloids were investigated. In the nanoelectrospray using 30 μm nozzle, with an increasing of voltage two stable spray regimes of pulsating and cone-jet mode were clearly observed by a combination of current measurement and fast imaging technology. In this nanoelectrospray uniquely determined by the electrical field voltage the current–voltage characteristics were analysed and evaluated based on an equivalent circuit method. At high field in cone-jet regime all the equivalent resistances derived by fitting appear close to a value of 0.53 ± 0.03 GΩ, showing independence to the conductivity of the nanocolloids. In low field pulsating regime a high pulsation frequency up to 100 kHz with relatively stable current pulse was exhibited in all the gold nanocolloids. A linear relationship between the DC components in the pulsating current and the voltage was found and the DC equivalent resistance obtained from the fitting varies between 0.90 and 1.47 GΩ. A strong correlation between the pulsating properties and the conductivity of the colloids was identified.