Second order advantage in the determination of amaranth, sunset yellow FCF and tartrazine by UV–vis and multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares

A direct spectrophotometric method for the determination of three artificial colors – amaranth, sunset yellow FCF and tartrazine – in beverages samples is proposed. The spectra were recorded between 359 and 600 nm. The spectra of the samples (just filtrated), pure dyes (concentrations ranged between 0.01 and 1.8 mg L−1 for amaranth, 0.08 and 4.4 mg L−1 for sunset yellow and 0.04 and 1.8 mg L−1 for tartrazine) and synthetic mixtures were disposed in a column-wise augmented data matrix. This kind of data structure, analyzed by multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) makes it possible to exploit the so called ‘second order advantage’. MCR-ALS algorithm was applied to the experimental data under the non-negativity and equality constraints. As a result, the concentration of each dye in the samples and their corresponding pure spectra were obtained.The results were validated using internal reference materials and no significant differences were found (α = 5%) between the reference values and the ones obtained with the proposed method. The second order advantage made it possible to obtain unbiased results even in the presence of interferences.