Voltammetry of hypoxic cells radiosensitizer etanidazole radical anion in water

Cytotoxic properties of radiosensitizers are due to the fact that, in the metabolic pathway, these compounds undergo one-electron reduction to generate radical anions. In this study we focused our interest on the electrochemical transfer of the first electron on radiosensitizer Etanidazole (ETN) and, consequently, on the ETN radical-anion formation in the buffered aqueous media. ETN was electrochemically treated in the broad pH range at various scan rates. Three reduction peaks and one oxidation peak were found. At strong alkaline pH the four-electron reduction peak was separated into one-electron and three-electron reductions. Under these conditions the standard rate constant k0 for the redox couple ETN − NO2 + e− ⇄ ETN − NO2•− was calculated. Moreover, the value of a so called E71 potential that accounts for the energy necessary to transfer the first electron to an electroactive group at pH = 7 in aqueous medium to form a radical anion was also determined. The obtained value of E71 indicates that lower energy compared to the other possible chemical radiosensitizers is necessary for the system to transfer the first electron to ETN. On the other hand, the necessity of the strong alkaline pH may decrease the ability of ETN to act as hypoxic radiosensitizer in the human body.