Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
1282141 | International Journal of Hydrogen Energy | 2012 | 7 Pages |
The effect of titania (TiO2) addition on the densification, crystal structure and electrical property of Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9 (GDC) are examined. TiO2 addition reduces GDC sintering temperature by ∼200 °C and considerably improves grain boundary conduction. The minimum grain boundary resistivity is obtained at 0.8 mol% TiO2 concentration. XRD analysis suggests that the solubility limit of TiO2 in GDC is ∼0.6 mol%. The optimum doping level (0.8 mol%) is slightly higher than the solubility limit (0.6 mol%), which implies that a small amounts of TiO2 (∼0.2 mol%) at the grain boundaries benefits the grain–boundary conduction.
► TiO2 addition reduces the sintering temperature of Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9 (GDC) by ∼200 °C. ► TiO2 addition improves the grain boundary conduction of GDC significantly. ► The optimum doping level of TiO2 in GDC is 0.8 mol%. ► The solubility limit of TiO2 in GDC is ∼0.6 mol% at 1400 °C. ► The optimum concentration of TiO2 exists at grain boundaries of GDC is ∼0.2 mol%.