The competing roles of topology and spin density in the magnetic behavior of spin-delocalized radicals: Donor–acceptor annelated nitronyl nitroxides

The effects of acceptor–donor interactions in thienyl substituted benzimidazole-nitronyl nitroxides (TBNN) on the absorption spectroscopy, spin density distribution, magnetic behavior, and crystallographic packing were explored through spectroscopy, computation, and characterization of structure and magnetic properties in the crystalline phase. The electronic spectra of the radicals exhibit a strong broad absorption in the NIR (λmax ∼ 1000 nm) that exhibits solvatochromism consistent with charge transfer between the thienyl (donor) and benzonitronyl nitroxide (acceptor) dyads. Computational analysis allowed assignment of the transition as a HOMO–SOMO transition (TD-DFT UB3LYP/6-31G∗∗). The TBNN radicals form highly disordered slipped π-stacks in the solid state that give rise to antiferromagnetic interactions consistent with 1D chain interactions. The magnetic behavior was well-fit to a Bonner–Fisher model to give exchange parameters of J = −2 to −10 cm−1 depending on substitution. The weak exchange parameters are attributed to the degree of solid-state disorder, and the observed properties can be rationalized by the effects of substitution on the electronic structure and topology of the radicals.

Graphical abstractToward the development of multifunctional materials, the electronic, structural and magnetic properties of acceptor–donor benzonitronyl nitroxides was investigated. The radicals exhibit low energy (∼950 nm) charge transfer bands consistent with Robin-Day ClassII/III mixed valency in solution, and p-stacked chains with weak antiferromagnetic interactions due to planar disorder.Figure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slide