Sustainable Technology for Using Bio-Waste in Rural and Urban Regions in South- and South-East-Asia

In many South-East-Asian countries is big lack of organic fertilizers for sustainable crop production, although there are many sources of biodegradable waste material. The best and sustainable way to convert the bio-waste from different sources in organic fertilizer is composting. Following our investigations, the supply of NPK is realized in Germany with about 40% by use of compost and in Vietnam with 1% only. Therefore, new organic sources are required and new technologies have to be developed in order to increase the amount of organic fertilizers. The available bio-wastes, have often high content of cellulose and lignin with slow decomposition rate. In order to enhance decomposition of such materials, specific microorganisms were added. For composting different types of container were used. Very good decomposition rate in short time were determined by use of a mix of different microorganisms and use of rotating containers.