Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
1749859 | Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews | 2016 | 36 Pages |
Abstract
Thermodynamic comparison reveals that the processes involving upgrading of carbon feed have energy and exergy efficiency at 50-90% and 46-48% respectively. Multistep thermochemical cycles operating at 900-1200Â K have energy efficiency of 34-38%. Metal oxide redox pair based thermochemical cycles operating at 1900-2300Â K have energy and exergy efficiencies of 12-32% and 20-36% respectively. Methane reforming and lime production processes have chemical efficiencies of 55% and 35% respectively and have demonstrated better performance than other solar thermochemical processes. A few processes like solar gasification of solid carbon feed have demonstrated lower chemical efficiency of around 10% even at pilot scale. The hydrogen production cost for solar upgrading of fossil fuels is estimated at 3.21-6.10$/kg and is lower than thermochemical cycles at 7.17-19.26$/kg and CSP driven electrolysis at 3.15-10.23$/kg. It is observed that there is limited actual data and significant uncertainty in cost. Under these circumstances, it is recommended that initial screening of processes be done by net energy, material and life cycle analysis.
Keywords
PTCNHRCAESARTDMWHRUCBHFSSS2PHYPDLRSUFSMRSNLCPCEAFDSCGCSIROPSICASSBGENEAcarbon dioxide splittingJapan Atomic Energy Research InstituteJAERICNRSS-IHYSSandia National LaboratoryIRRSCWGNRELSolar thermochemicalStDMTITLFRHTGR3DOMSACGHGLHVCFCMWCNTCSPCuClRPMPSADSSASRYSZWGSDMRSTPNational Renewable Energy LaboratoryEuropean Unionethlower heating valueHeating valueLCASteam methane reformingSolar energyLinear Fresnel reflectorFluidized bedLife cycle analysisWater Gas ShiftParabolic trough collectorRotating cavityCFDComputational fluid dynamicsSouth African coalAutomobile Shredder ResidueDry methane reformingLow rank coalCommonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organizationrevolutions per minutesolar fuelsHigh flux solar simulatorWater splittingPhotovoltaicsConcentrated solar powerSewage sludgeIndustrial sludgeCompound parabolic concentratorGastMultiwalled carbon nanotubesInternal rate of returnConcentration ratioScoreSolar hydrogenWisCombined cycleCdSSolar furnaceGreenhouse gasSupercritical water gasificationSTEPElectric arc furnace dustYttria stabilized zirconia
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Authors
Deepak Yadav, Rangan Banerjee,