Investigation of a cup-shaped ultrasonic transducer operated in the full-wave vibrational mode

Cup-shaped horn has significant applications in ultrasonic machining, such as continuous bonding of plastic sheet or strips. Generally, it is excited by a sandwich piezoelectric transducer and both together constitute a cup-shaped ultrasound transducer (CUT). To provide a concise theoretical model for its engineering applications, the equivalent circuit of the cup-shaped ultrasonic transducer is deduced and the resonance/anti-resonance frequency equations are obtained. Meanwhile, the vibrational characteristics of the cup-shaped ultrasonic transducer have been investigated by using the analytical and numerical methods, and then confirmed by the experiment. The results show that the cup-shaped horn has a distinctive equivalent circuit, and the cup-shaped ultrasonic transducer has a good vibrational performance.