High-efficiency flexible dye-sensitized solar cells fabricated by a novel friction-transfer technique

All-transparent and all-flexible dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) were fabricated using a novel, facile, and low-lost friction-transfer technique, which involved assembling TiO2 films on flexible substrates via high-temperature sintering. This friction-transfer technique led to a 25% enhancement in conversion efficiency compared with the compression method. The efficiency of the optimized all-flexible DSC reached 5.7%, which is approximately 73% higher than that of the all-flexible DSC prepared by the low-temperature sintering method (3.3%).