Correcting the effects of background microcirculation in the measurement of arterial input functions using dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI of the brain

In dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI, the shape of the arterial input function (AIF) is commonly obtained in the near vicinity of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). However, the tissue regions where the AIF is sampled also have significant perfusion, which contributes to T2* changes. We investigate whether correction of this effect will introduce significant changes in the measurement of the AIF and, subsequently, the assessment of the mean transit time (MTT). Clinical dynamic susceptibility data from 13 patients with brain tumors were analyzed. Patients received either single or double doses of Magnevist followed by a saline flush through a power injector. In the correction procedure, ΔR2* was sampled in a region of gray matter approximately 1-2 cm away from the MCA and then subtracted from the ΔR2* sampled in the immediate vicinity of the MCA. We demonstrate that in the brain, this correction of ΔR2* due to tissue perfusion leads to a narrower width of the AIF curve obtained with ΔR2* (mean±S.D.=7.3±2.0 and 6.4±1.7 s, before and after correction, respectively, P<.001 using a two-tailed paired t-test). Furthermore, the peak of the AIF also moved to a slightly earlier time relative to the time of arrival (mean±S.D.=4.7±0.9 and 4.3±0.8 s, before and after correction, with P<.001). With the use of the corrected AIF, the measured MTT had increased values in areas of both gray and white matter.