Experimental probes of emergent symmetries in the quantum Hall system

Experiments studying renormalization group flows in the quantum Hall system provide significant evidence for the existence of an emergent holomorphic modular symmetry Γ0(2)Γ0(2). We briefly review this evidence and show that, for the lowest temperatures, the experimental determination of the position of the quantum critical points agrees to the parts per mille   level with the prediction from Γ0(2)Γ0(2). We present evidence that experiments giving results that deviate substantially from the symmetry predictions are not cold enough to be in the quantum critical domain. We show how the modular symmetry extended by a non-holomorphic particle–hole duality leads to an extensive web of dualities related to those in plateau–insulator transitions, and we derive a formula relating dual pairs (B,Bd)(B,Bd) of magnetic field strengths across any transition. The experimental data obtained for the transition studied so far is in excellent agreement with the duality relations following from this emergent symmetry, and rule out the duality rule derived from the “law of corresponding states”. Comparing these generalized duality predictions with future experiments on other transitions should provide stringent tests of modular duality deep in the non-linear domain far from the quantum critical points.