Effects of dust temperature and trapped ions on the formation of dust-acoustic solitary waves

The effects of dust temperature and trapped ions are incorporated in the study of dust-acoustic solitary waves. An energy integral equation involving the Sagdeev potential is derived, and the basic properties of large amplitude solitary structures are investigated. It is shown that the effects of dust temperature, resonant ions and equilibrium free electron density significantly change the regions of the existence of large amplitude solitary waves. Expanding the Sagdeev potential to include higher-order nonlinearities of electric potential, an exact steady state solution is also obtained which confirms the possibility of dust-acoustic soliton in the small amplitude limit. Furthermore, two asymptotic cases of the stationary solution are found which are related to the contribution of trapped ions.