Sterol metabolism and SREBP activation

Cholesterol is one of the major components of membrane lipids. Adjustment of the membrane cholesterol balance is, therefore, pivotal in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Cholesterol biosynthesis and uptake are tightly regulated at the transcriptional level through a negative feedback control. The transcription factor family known as sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) is in charge of this feedback control. In particular, SREBP-2 is activated in a cholesterol-dependent manner, and hence is deeply involved in regulation of the expression of genes closely related to cholesterol metabolism. Sterol metabolites, including cholesterol, 24,25-dihydrolanosterol and oxysterols, strongly participate in the regulation of sterol metabolism via binding to its particular proteins.