Regulation of Metnase's TIR binding activity by its binding partner, Pso4

Metnase (also known as SETMAR) is a SET and transposase fusion protein in humans and plays a positive role in double-strand break (DSB) repair. While the SET domain possesses histone lysine methyltransferase activity, the transposase domain is responsible for 5′-terminal inverted repeat (TIR)-specific binding, DNA looping, and DNA cleavage activities. We recently demonstrated that human homolog of Pso4 (hPso4) is a Metnase binding partner that mediates Metnase binding to non-TIR DNA such as DNA damage sites. Here we show that Metnase functions as a dimer in its TIR binding. While both Metnase and hPso4 can independently interact with TIR DNA, Metnase's DNA binding activity is not required for formation of the Metnase-hPso4-DNA complex. A further stoichiometric analysis indicated that only one protein is involved in interaction with dsDNA when Metnase-hPso4 forms a stable complex. Interaction of the Metnase-hPso4 complex with TIR DNA was competitively inhibited by both TIR and non-TIR DNA, suggesting that hPso4 is solely responsible for binding to DNA in the Metnase-hPso4-DNA complex. Together, our study suggests that hPso4, once it forms a complex with Metnase, negatively regulates Metnase's TIR binding activity, which is perhaps necessary for Metnase localization at non-TIR sites such as DSBs.