SiRNAs conjugated with aromatic compounds induce RISC-mediated antisense strand selection and strong gene-silencing activity

Short interference RNA (siRNA) is a powerful tool for suppressing gene expression in mammalian cells. In this study, we focused on the development of siRNAs conjugated with aromatic compounds in order to improve the potency of RNAi and thus to overcome several problems with siRNAs, such as cellular delivery and nuclease stability. The siRNAs conjugated with phenyl, hydroxyphenyl, naphthyl, and pyrenyl derivatives showed strong resistance to nuclease degradation, and were thermodynamically stable compared with unmodified siRNA. A high level of membrane permeability in HeLa cells was also observed. Moreover, these siRNAs exhibited enhanced RNAi efficacy, which exceeded that of locked nucleic acid (LNA)-modified siRNAs, against exogenous Renilla luciferase in HeLa cells. In particular, abundant cytoplasmic localization and strong gene-silencing efficacy were found in the siRNAs conjugated with phenyl and hydroxyphenyl derivatives. The novel siRNAs conjugated with aromatic compounds are promising candidates for a new generation of modified siRNAs that can solve many of the problems associated with RNAi technology.

Graphical abstractFigure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slideHighlights► SiRNAs conjugated with aromatic compounds (Ar-siRNAs) at 5′-sense strand were synthesized. ► Ar-siRNAs increased resistance against nuclease degradation. ► Ar-siRNAs were thermodynamically stable compared with the unmodified siRNA. ► High levels of cellular uptake and cytoplasmic localization were found. ► Strong gene-silencing efficacy was exhibited in the Ar-siRNAs.