Tryptophan and tyrosine to terbium fluorescence resonance energy transfer as a method to “map” aromatic residues and monitor docking

Fluorescent lanthanide ions, with large Stokes shifts and narrow emission bands, are excellent tools for the development of FRET-based assays. In this work, a terbium ion is tethered to a peptide which binds to the BIR3 domain of XIAP, an anti-apoptotic protein. Excitation of tryptophan and tyrosine residues in the BIR3 domain causes the peptide bound terbium ion to fluoresce relative to its distance from these aromatic residues. By developing ligands with terbium ions tethered at different residues, the relative terbium emission can be used to “map” the aromatic residues within the ligand binding pocket.